For a digital image viewer like XnView this could work simlarly by choosing the smaller (vertical) resolution of the screen (or the smaller side of the window in windowed mode) as length for a (thought) square bounding box to which all (or larger) images are fitted.
I know that images in landscape format will not use the full screen resolution that way, but that's the whole point: I don't want landscape images to appear larger than portrait images!
I hope I made clear what I meant though I find it difficult to describe - even though the feature seems very straightforward to me. I haven't found a single viewer which is able to do this, though, not even XnView

I know I can achieve something similar by resizing the window so that the image area is a square size and choosing 'fit image to window' mode. But this is a bit too cumbersome IMHO...